How does one die from Alzheimer’s? Understanding the final stages

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative condition that gradually breaks down brain functions. While it may impact daily life for years, it also ultimately leads to death. Understanding how someone dies from Alzheimer’s is both emotionally challenging and complex, but it’s vital for providing the right support to those affected and their loved ones.

What happens in the brain with alzheimer’s?

Alzheimer’s disease causes a gradual loss of neurons and synapses in the brain. This results in cognitive decline, including memory loss, difficulties with communication, and challenges in performing daily activities. In the final stages, the disease also affects parts of the brain that control essential bodily functions, such as breathing, swallowing, and movement.

Complications in the final stages

In advanced stages of Alzheimer’s, individuals often become bedridden and completely dependent on care. Most people do not die directly from Alzheimer’s itself but from complications that arise due to the body’s weakened state. Common causes of death include:

• Pneumonia: As swallowing becomes impaired, the risk of food or liquids entering the lungs increases, leading to aspiration pneumonia. This is one of the most common causes of death in Alzheimer’s patients.
• Infections: A weakened immune system and prolonged immobility can result in infections, such as urinary tract infections that develop into sepsis.
• Malnutrition and dehydration: Difficulties with eating and drinking due to declining motor skills and loss of appetite can lead to life-threatening malnutrition and dehydration.

Other factors influencing the process

As the brain’s functions deteriorate, individuals may also experience muscle weakness, making movement difficult. This often results in bedsores and blood clots, which can further lead to complications such as heart or lung problems.

How can care and support ease the final stages?

Palliative care plays a crucial role in the final stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The focus is on relieving pain, minimizing discomfort, and providing emotional support to both the patient and their loved ones. A personalized care plan emphasizing dignity and quality of life is essential.

Understanding and accepting the process

Death is a natural part of the progression of Alzheimer’s, and for many families, it can be a relief to know their loved one is no longer suffering. At the same time, it’s a deeply emotional journey to witness. Open discussions about the progression of the disease and seeking support from healthcare professionals and other caregivers can be invaluable.

Alzheimer’s is a disease that affects not only the individual but also everyone around them. By understanding what happens in the final stages, we can provide better care and create a dignified end for those affected.